Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits

This is a list of the largest cities in the European Union by population within city limits which have more than 300,000 inhabitants.[1] It deals exclusively with the areas within city administrative boundaries as opposed to urban areas or metropolitan areas, which are generally larger in terms of population than the main city.

As some cities have very narrow city limits and others very wide, the list may not give an accurate view of the comparative magnitude of different places, and the figures in the list should be treated with caution. For example, the populations of Greater London and Greater Paris constitute the largest urban areas in the EU, but the strict definition of the limits of the respective cities results in a far lower population shown in the table below.

Cities over 300,000 inhabitants

Note: Cities in bold are capital cities of their respective countries. The cities should be sorted by the column labelled Official population.

Rank City Country Eurostat population (2004)[2] Official population Date of census/estimate References Image
1 London[3]  United Kingdom &100000000074292000000007,429,200 &100000000078253000000007,825,300 02010-06-30 30 June 2010 [4]
2 Berlin  Germany &100000000033878280000003,387,828 &100000000034404410000003,440,441 02010-03-31 31 March 2010 [5]
3 Madrid  Spain &100000000032283190000003,228,319 &100000000032841100000003,284,110 02011-01-01 1 January 2011 [6]
4 Rome  Italy &100000000025538730000002,553,873 &100000000027746250000002,774,625 02011-07-31 31 July 2011 [7]
5 Paris  France &100000000021813740000002,181,374 &100000000022038170000002,203,817 02007-01-01 1 January 2007 [8]
6 Bucharest  Romania &100000000019274480000001,927,448 &100000000019443670000001,944,367 02010-01-01 1 January 2010 [9]
7 Hamburg[10]  Germany &100000000017348300000001,734,830 &100000000017732180000001,773,218 02008-02-28 28 February 2008 [11]
8 Budapest  Hungary &100000000016958140000001,695,814 &100000000017336850000001,733,685 02011-01-01 1 January 2011 [12]
9 Vienna  Austria &100000000015986260000001,598,626 &100000000017239450000001,723,945 02011-09-30 30 September 2011 [13]
10 Warsaw  Poland &100000000016928540000001,692,854 &100000000017203980000001,720,398 02011-08-10 10 August 2011 [14]
11 Barcelona  Spain &100000000016215370000001,621,537 &100000000016215370000001,621,537 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [6]
12 Munich  Germany &100000000012491760000001,249,176 &100000000013531860000001,353,186 02010-12-31 31 December 2010 [15]
13 Milan  Italy &100000000012994390000001,299,439 &100000000013368790000001,336,879 02011-07-31 31 July 2011 [7]
14 Prague  Czech Republic &100000000012908460000001,290,846 &100000000012908460000001,290,846 02011-06-17 17 June 2011 [16]
15 Sofia  Bulgaria &100000000013138060000001,313,806 &100000000012702840000001,270,284 02011-02 February 2011 [17]
16 Lyon  France &100000000012262490000001,226,249 &10000000000472304000000472,304 02006 2006 [18]
17 Valencia  Spain &100000000011757320000001,175,732 &10000000000814208000000814,208 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [6]
18 Marseille  France &100000000010239730000001,023,973 &10000000000839043000000839,043 02006 2006 [19]
19 Brussels[20]  Belgium &10000000000999899000000999,899 &100000000010484910000001,048,491 02008-01-01 1 January 2008 [21]
20 Naples  Italy &10000000000995171000000995,171 &10000000000957465000000957,465 02011-07-31 31 July 2011 [7]
21 Birmingham  United Kingdom &10000000000992400000000992,400 &100000000010168000000001,016,800 02008-08-27 27 August 2008 [4]
22 Cologne  Germany &10000000000969709000000969,709 &100000000010002980000001,000,298 02009-05-31 31 May 2009 [22]
23 Turin  Italy &10000000000902255000000902,255 &10000000000908016000000908,016 02011-07-31 31 July 2011 [7]
24 Athens  Greece &10000000000796442000000796,442 &10000000000745514000000745,514 02001-01-01 1 January 2001 [23]
25 Amsterdam  Netherlands &10000000000767849000000767,849 &10000000000752911000000752,911 02010-01-01 1 January 2010 [24]
26 Stockholm  Sweden &10000000000761721000000761,721 &10000000000829417000000829,417 02009-12-31 31 December 2009 [25]
27 Kraków  Poland &10000000000757430000000757,430 &10000000000756666000000756,666 02007-06-30 30 June 2007 [14]
28 Łódź  Poland &10000000000744541000000744,541 &10000000000750125000000750,125 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [14]
29 Riga  Latvia &10000000000735241000000735,241 &10000000000713000000000713,000 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [26]
30 Leeds  United Kingdom &10000000000443247000000443,247 &10000000000770800000000770,800 02008-08-27 27 August 2008 [4]
31 Sevilla  Spain &10000000000704203000000704,203 &10000000000703206000000703,206 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [27]
32 Palermo  Italy &10000000000675277000000675,277 &10000000000655409000000655,409 02011-07-31 31 July 2011 [7]
33 Toulouse  France &10000000000651586000000651,586 &10000000000437715000000437,715 02006 2006 [28]
34 Frankfurt  Germany &10000000000646889000000646,889 &10000000000667598000000667,598 02007-09-30 30 September 2007 [29]
35 Zaragoza  Spain &10000000000638799000000638,799 &10000000000674317000000674,317 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [6]
36 Wrocław  Poland &10000000000636268000000636,268 &10000000000633950000000633,950 02007-06-30 30 June 2007 [14]
37 Glasgow  United Kingdom &10000000000629501000000629,501 &10000000000581900000000581,900 02007-06-30 30 June 2007 [4]
38 Genoa  Italy &10000000000605084000000605,084 &10000000000608458000000608,458 02011-07-31 31 July 2011 [7]
39 Rotterdam  Netherlands &10000000000598923000000598,923 &10000000000584058000000584,058 02007-01-01 1 January 2007 [24]
40 Stuttgart  Germany &10000000000590657000000590,657 &10000000000595452000000595,452 02007-02-28 28 February 2007 [30]
41 Dortmund  Germany &10000000000588680000000588,680 &10000000000580444000000580,444 02010-12-31 31 December 2010 [24]
42 Essen  Germany &10000000000588084000000588,084 &10000000000574635000000574,635 02010-12-31 31 December 2010 [31]
43 Düsseldorf  Germany &10000000000572663000000572,663 &10000000000588735000000588,735 02010-12-31 31 December 2010 [32]
44 Poznań  Poland &10000000000570778000000570,778 &10000000000564035000000564,035 02007-06-30 30 June 2007 [14]
45 Helsinki  Finland &10000000000559716000000559,716 &10000000000600551000000600,551 02011-04-30 30 April 2011 [33]
46 Vilnius  Lithuania &10000000000552800000000552,800 &10000000000553553000000553,553 02006-01-01 1 January 2006 [34]
47 Málaga  Spain &10000000000547731000000547,731 &10000000000568305000000568,305 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [6]
48 Bremen  Germany &10000000000545932000000545,932 &10000000000548477000000548,477 02006-11-11 11 November 2006 [35]
49 Lisbon  Portugal &10000000000529485000000529,485 &10000000000499700000000499,700 02007-12-31 31 December 2007 [36]
50 Sheffield  United Kingdom &10000000000516100000000516,100 &10000000000534500000000534,500 02008-08-27 27 August 2008 [4]
51 Hannover  Germany &10000000000515841000000515,841 &10000000000517251000000517,251 02007-09-30 30 September 2007 [37]
52 Copenhagen  Denmark &10000000000501664000000501,664 &10000000000520659000000520,659 02009-04-01 1 April 2009 [38]
53 Leipzig  Germany &10000000000498491000000498,491 &10000000000510512000000510,512 02007-12-31 31 December 2007 [39]
54 Duisburg  Germany N/A &10000000000496665000000496,665 02007-12-31 31 December 2007 [40]
55 Nuremberg  Germany &10000000000495302000000495,302 &10000000000500967000000500,967 02007-02-28 28 February 2007 [41]
56 Dresden  Germany &10000000000487421000000487,421 &10000000000517052000000517,052 02009-12-31 31 December 2009 [39]
57 Bradford  United Kingdom &10000000000481100000000481,100 &10000000000501700000000501,700 02008-08-27 27 August 2008 [4]
58 Nice  France &10000000000478850000000478,850[42] &10000000000347060000000347,060 02006 2006 [43]
59 Dublin  Ireland &10000000000471841000000471,841 &10000000000525383000000525,383 02011-04-10 10 April 2011 [44]
60 The Hague  Netherlands &10000000000469059000000469,059 &10000000000473941000000473,941 02007-01-01 1 January 2007 [24]
61 Gothenburg  Sweden &10000000000466990000000466,990[45] &10000000000507330000000507,330 02009-12-31 31 December 2009 [25]
62 Gdańsk  Poland &10000000000459072000000459,072 &10000000000456103000000456,103 02007-06-30 30 June 2007 [14]
63 Antwerp  Belgium &10000000000455148000000455,148 &10000000000472071000000472,071 02008-01-01 1 January 2008 [21]
64 Edinburgh  United Kingdom &10000000000453700000000453,700 &10000000000477660000000477,660 02009-06-30 30 June 2009 [4] [46]
65 Liverpool  United Kingdom &10000000000444500000000444,500 &10000000000434900000000434,900 02008-08-27 27 August 2008 [4]
66 Manchester  United Kingdom &10000000000437000000000437,000 &10000000000464200000000464,200 02008-08-27 27 August 2008 [4]
67 Bratislava  Slovakia &10000000000425155000000425,155 &10000000000431061000000431,061 02009-12-31 31 December 2009 [47]
68 Szczecin  Poland &10000000000411900000000411,900 &10000000000408583000000408,583 02007-06-30 30 June 2007 [14]
69 Murcia  Spain &10000000000398815000000398,815 &10000000000436870000000436,870 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [6]
70 Bristol  United Kingdom &10000000000393900000000393,900 &10000000000421300000000421,300 02008-08-27 27 August 2008 [4]
71 Tallinn  Estonia &10000000000392306000000392,306 &10000000000396193000000396,193 02006-01-01 1 January 2006 [48]
72 Bochum  Germany &10000000000388179000000388,179 &10000000000382195000000382,195 02007-06-30 30 June 2007 [49]
73 Thessaloniki  Greece &10000000000386627000000386,627 &10000000000363987000000363,987 02001-03-18 18 March 2001 [50]
74 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria  Spain &10000000000376953000000376,953 &10000000000381847000000381,847 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [6]
75 Bologna  Italy &10000000000374425000000374,425 &10000000000382825000000382,825 02011-07-31 31 July 2011 [7]
76 Palma  Spain &10000000000368974000000368,974 &10000000000401270000000401,270 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [6]
77 Kaunas  Lithuania &10000000000368913000000368,913 &10000000000360630000000360,630 02006-01-01 1 January 2006 [34]
78 Bydgoszcz  Poland &10000000000368235000000368,235 &10000000000362397000000362,397 02007-06-30 30 June 2007 [14]
79 Florence  Italy &10000000000368059000000368,059 &10000000000373750000000373,750 02011-07-31 31 July 2011 [7]
80 Brno  Czech Republic &10000000000367729000000367,729 &10000000000403407000000403,407 02011-06-17 17 June 2011 [51]
81 Wuppertal  Germany &10000000000361077000000361,077 &10000000000358746000000358,746 02006-06-30 30 June 2006 [52]
82 Lublin  Poland &10000000000355998000000355,998 &10000000000352786000000352,786 02007-06-30 30 June 2007 [14]
83 Bilbao  Spain &10000000000352317000000352,317 &10000000000354860000000354,860 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [6]
84 Cardiff  United Kingdom &10000000000341054000000341,054 &10000000000321000000000321,000 02007-06-30 30 June 2007 [4]
85 Plovdiv  Bulgaria N/A &10000000000331796000000331,796 02011-02 February 2011 [17]
86 Varna  Bulgaria N/A &10000000000330486000000330,486 02011-02 February 2011 [17]
87 Bari  Italy &10000000000328458000000328,458 &10000000000319860000000319,860 02011-07-31 31 July 2011 [7]
88 Bielefeld  Germany &10000000000328012000000328,012 &10000000000326268000000326,268 02006-06-30 30 June 2006 [53]
89 Wakefield  United Kingdom N/A &10000000000322300000000322,300 02008-08-27 27 August 2008 [4]
90 Valladolid  Spain &10000000000321713000000321,713 &10000000000318461000000318,461 02008-01-01 1 January 2008 [54]
91 Katowice  Poland &10000000000319904000000319,904 &10000000000317864000000317,864 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [14]
92 Iaşi  Romania N/A &10000000000315649000000315,649 02010-01-01 1 January 2010 [9]
93 Córdoba  Spain &10000000000314178000000314,178 &10000000000328428000000328,428 02009-01-01 1 January 2009 [54]
94 Wirral  United Kingdom &10000000000313100000000313,100 &10000000000309500000000309,500 02008-08-27 27 August 2008 [4]
95 Cluj-Napoca  Romania &10000000000311528000000311,528 &10000000000306009000000306,009 02010-01-01 1 January 2010 [9]
96 Ostrava  Czech Republic &10000000000311402000000311,402 &10000000000310397000000310,397 02011-06-17 17 June 2011 [55]
97 Alicante  Spain &10000000000310330000000310,330 &10000000000334757000000334,757 02008-01-01 1 January 2008 [54]
98 Aarhus  Denmark N/A &10000000000310653000000310,653 02010-04-01 1 April 2010 .[56]
99 Catania  Italy &10000000000305773000000305,773 &10000000000292269000000292,269 02011-07-31 31 July 2011 [7]
100 Coventry  United Kingdom &10000000000304200000000304,200 &10000000000309800000000309,800 02008-08-27 27 August 2008 [4]
101 Timişoara  Romania &10000000000303908000000303,908 &10000000000312113000000312,113 02010-01-01 1 January 2010 [9]
102 Constanţa  Romania N/A &10000000000302140000000302,140 02010-01-01 1 January 2010 [9]
103 Mannheim  Germany N/A &10000000000300793000000300,793 02009-12-31 31 December 2009 [57]
104 Utrecht  Netherlands &10000000000270244000000270,244 &10000000000300030000000300,030 02009-01-12 12 January 2009 [58]

See also

References

  1. ^ The European Union is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community. The European Union is composed of 27 independent sovereign countries which are known as member states: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. (See "European Countries". Europa. http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/index_en.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-05. ).
  2. ^ Total population in Urban Audit cities - Core city
  3. ^ Refers to Greater London, which is composed of 32 independent borough councils
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n July 2010 Population estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Office for National Statistics. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_population/mid-2010-pop-ests-30-june-2011.zip. Retrieved 3 July 2011. 
  5. ^ "Gemeinsames Datenangebot der Statistischen Ämter des Bundes und der Länder". Statistik-portal.de. https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Publikationen/Stat_Berichte/2010/SB_A1-1_A2-4_q01-10_BE.pdf&embedded=true. Retrieved 2010-10-16. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute)". Ine.es. http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fe260&file=inebase&L=1. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Bilancio Demografico Istat della Popolazione Residente - Anno 2011" (in Italian). The Office of Statistics and Census of the Italy. http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2011gen/index02.html. Retrieved 6 December 2011. 
  8. ^ INSEE. "Estimation de population au 1er janvier, par département, sexe et grande classe d'âge" (XLS). http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/donnees-detaillees/estim-pop/ElpDep_5trages06-07.xls. Retrieved 2009-01-27. 
  9. ^ a b c d e "Largest Romanian cities in 2009" (in Romanian). Agerpres. February 2, 2010. http://www.agerpres.ro/english/index.php/component/k2/item/173.html. Retrieved June 22, 2010. 
  10. ^ Refers to the city and federal state of Hamburg, which is composed of 7 boroughs
  11. ^ "Gemeinsames Datenangebot der Statistischen Ämter des Bundes und der Länder". Statistik-portal.de. http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/de_zs01_hh.asp. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  12. ^ http://portal.ksh.hu/pls/ksh/docs/hun/hnk/hnk_2011.pdf
  13. ^ "STATISTIK AUSTRIA – Bevölkerung zu Quartalsbeginn seit 2002 nach Bundesland". Statistik.at. 20 October 2011. http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_und_veraenderung/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023582.html. Retrieved 20 October 2011. 
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Population. Size and structure by territorial division. As of 19 August 20011" (in pl). Stat.gov.pl. http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_L_powierzchnia_ludnosc_teryt_2011.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-10. 
  15. ^ Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung. "www.statistik.bayern.de" (in German). https://www.statistik.bayern.de/daten/bayern/bevoelkerung/. Retrieved 17 May 2008. 
  16. ^ "Adresy v České republice: PRAHA" (in cs). Mvcr.cz. http://aplikace.mvcr.cz/adresa/a/praha/index.html. Retrieved 2010-03-06. 
  17. ^ a b c "Sofia's population (Census 2011)". Nsi.bg. http://www.nsi.bg/EPDOCS/Census2011pr.pdf. Retrieved 2011-04-14. 
  18. ^ "Resultats du recensement de la population - 2006". INSEE. http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&zoneSearchField=LYON&codeZone=69123-COM&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher. Retrieved 13 October 2009. 
  19. ^ "Resultats du recensement de la population - 2006". INSEE. http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&zoneSearchField=MARSEILLE&codeZone=13055-COM&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher. Retrieved 13 October 2009. 
  20. ^ Refers to Brussels Capital Region
  21. ^ a b "Structuur van de bevolking". Statbel.fgov.be. http://statbel.fgov.be/nl/binaries/311111_nl_tcm325-55771.xls. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  22. ^ "Amtliche Bevölkerungszahlen". Lds.nrw.de. Archived from the original on May 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080522084255/http://www.lds.nrw.de/statistik/datenangebot/regionen/amtlichebevoelkerungszahlen/index.html. Retrieved 2010-10-01. 
  23. ^ "S1101_SAP_01_TB_DC_01_03_Y.xls" (PDF). Archived from the original on June 24, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080624200555/http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_1_TB_DC_01_03_Y.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  24. ^ a b c d "CBS StatLine". Statline.cbs.nl. http://statline.cbs.nl. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  25. ^ a b "Folkmängd i riket, län och kommuner 31/12/2009 och befolkningsförändringar 2009 - Statistik från SCB". Scb.se. http://www.scb.se/Pages/TableAndChart____287608.aspx. Retrieved 2010-02-17. 
  26. ^ http://data.csb.lv/EN/Database/annualstatistics/annualstatistics.asp
  27. ^ http://www.ine.es
  28. ^ "Resultats du recensement de la population - 2006". INSEE. http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&zoneSearchField=TOULOUSE&codeZone=31555-COM&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher. Retrieved 13 October 2009. 
  29. ^ http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/31_Einwohner2007Quartal2.pdf
  30. ^ "Stadt - Stuttgart". Stuttgart.de. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071214032050/http://www.stuttgart.de/sde/menu/frame/top_11089_11101.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  31. ^ http://www.essen.de/Deutsch/Rathaus/Statistik/Bev%C3%B6lkerungszahlen.pdf
  32. ^ "Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf - Düsseldorf im Überblick -Gesamtstadt". Duesseldorf.de. http://www.duesseldorf.de/statistik/d_ueberblick/gesamt.shtml. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  33. ^ "(in Finnish and Swedish). Population Information System. Population Register Center of Finland.". vrk.fi. http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=5061&site=3&id=0. Retrieved 2010-05-14. 
  34. ^ a b "Naujas adresas". Std.lt. Archived from the original on February 28, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080228173715/http://www.std.lt/en/pages/view/?id=1390&PHPSESSID=c99f1c861e77633f466807fc68d4a136. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  35. ^ "Quaest.io on Bremen". Informat.io. http://www.informat.io/?title=bremen. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  36. ^ http://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=24541487&att_display=n&att_download=y
  37. ^ http://www1.nls.niedersachsen.de/statistik/html/mustertabelle.asp
  38. ^ "StatBank Denmark". Statbank.dk. http://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1280Co. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  39. ^ a b "Bevφlkerung des Freistaates Sachsen nach Gemeinden". Statistik.sachsen.de. http://www.statistik.sachsen.de/21/02_02/02_02_06g_tabelle.asp. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  40. ^ [1]
  41. ^ http://www.statistik.nuernberg.de/aktuelles/old/monat200702.pdf
  42. ^ Figure for 1993 (1996, 2001 and 2004 figures not available)
  43. ^ "Resultats du recensement de la population - 2006". INSEE. http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&zoneSearchField=NICE&codeZone=06088-COM&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher. Retrieved 13 October 2009. 
  44. ^ "CSO". Cso.ie. http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/Prelim%20complete.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-11. 
  45. ^ Figure for 2001 (2004 data not available)
  46. ^ "General Register Office for Scotland - mid 2009 population estimates by sex, single year of age and administrative area". http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/population/estimates/mid-year/2009/index.html. 
  47. ^ http://app.statistics.sk/mosmis/sk/uroven.jsp?txtUroven=410190
  48. ^ "Statistical database". Pub.stat.ee. http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/dialog/statfileri.asp. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  49. ^ nrw.de
  50. ^ "ΑΘΗΝΑ 2001". Statistics.gr. Archived from the original on June 13, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080613215803/http://www.statistics.gr/Athena2001/Athena2001.asp. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  51. ^ "Adresy v České republice: BRNO" (in cs). Mvcr.cz. http://aplikace.mvcr.cz/adresa/b/brno/index.html. Retrieved 2010-03-06. 
  52. ^ nrw.de
  53. ^ "Bielefeld - History". Bielefeld.de. http://www.bielefeld.de/en/history/. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  54. ^ a b c "Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute)". Ine.es. http://www.ine.es/jaxi/changeLanguage.do?target=menu&download=0&multi=0&type=pcaxis&file=pcaxis&print=1&page=menu&N=&path=/t20/e260/a2007/&language=1. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
  55. ^ "Adresy v České republice: OSTRAVA" (in cs). Mvcr.cz. http://aplikace.mvcr.cz/adresa/t/ostra/index.html. Retrieved 2010-03-06. 
  56. ^ [2]
  57. ^ [3]
  58. ^ [4]